![]() More research will need to be undertaken to establish that is the change in context that causes lower performance. It was plausible therefore that there were other factors influencing the students' poorer performance. With the range of new topics introduced between the two sets of exams, students had a greater breadth of required knowledge. There were limitations within this study, primarily with ensuring the examination papers were similar enough to act as a control variable. Year 7 students were less affected than all other years. Gender was shown to have no impact upon the effects, however, the school year was. Context dependent memory refers to the phenomenon of how much easier it is to retrieve certain memories when the context, or circumstances around the. The study demonstrated an impact, with students performing statistically worse when tested in an area that is removed from their standard environmental classroom context. The results of this were statistically analysed and compared between genders and school years. The primary goal of this research is to promote learning and memory performance within educational contexts through the investigation of principles in cognitive psychology. Students were tested within their standard classroom environment, then moved to a different environment for their second test. The purpose was to investigate whether context-dependent memory impacts student recall during examinations. One particularly common example of context-dependence at work occurs when an individual has lost an item (e.g. Thus, later re-exposure to the learning context reactivates the memory and facilitates voluntary retrieval. Context-dependent memory refers to improved recall of specific episodes or information when the context present at encoding and retrieval are the same. Pupil premium is a grant given by the government to schools in England to decrease the attainment gap for the most disadvantaged children, whether by income or by family upheaval. According to the concept of context-dependent memory (Godden & Baddeley, 1975 Smith & Vela, 2001), the learning context is always associated with the to-be-learned information and becomes integrated in the stored episodic memory trace. We show that items are better recalled when retrieved in the same context as the study context we also show that the size of the effect is larger for items deemed context-relevant at encoding, suggesting that context-dependent memory effects may depend on items being integrated into an active schema.This study concerned an action research project undertaken within a mainstream 11-18 secondary school with a high proportion of pupil premium students in the north of England. In an effort to identify a set of features that generate a robust context-dependent memory effect, we developed a paradigm in virtual reality using two semantically distinct virtual contexts: underwater and Mars environments, each with a separate body of knowledge (schema) associated with it. We show that items are better recalled when retrieved in the same context as the study context we also show that the size of the effect is larger for items deemed context-relevant at encoding, suggesting that context-dependent memory effects may depend on items being integrated into an active schema.ĪB - The context-dependent memory effect, in which memory for an item is better when the retrieval context matches the original learning context, has proved to be difficult to reproduce in a laboratory setting. ![]() N2 - The context-dependent memory effect, in which memory for an item is better when the retrieval context matches the original learning context, has proved to be difficult to reproduce in a laboratory setting. This work was supported by ONR MURI grant N0-2961 to KAN. The data and analyses codes are available at. Context Effect (CE) refers to the facilitation of memory for target information due to the similarity of contextual information available during both. T1 - Context-dependent memory effects in two immersive virtual reality environments
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